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The term that describes the principles and methods specifically designed for adult learning is andragogy. This concept emphasizes the unique characteristics of adult learners, such as their prior experiences, self-direction, and motivation to learn. Andragogy recognizes that adults often prefer practical, problem-centered approaches to learning rather than traditional teacher-centered methods commonly associated with pedagogy, which focuses more on the education of children.

In adult education, the strategies employed under andragogy aim to foster collaboration, respect the learners' experiences, and involve them actively in the learning process. For instance, when designing programs for adult learners, educators often integrate real-world applications and encourage self-assessment.

The other terms, while relevant to various aspects of learning, do not specifically pertain to adult learning principles. Pedagogy focuses primarily on teaching children and is less applicable to the adult learning context. Neuropedagogy integrates neuroscience with pedagogy but does not specifically address the approaches needed for adults. Experiential learning emphasizes learning through experience rather than traditional methods but is not limited to adults. Hence, andragogy is the most appropriate term in this scenario.